History of Occupational Safety and Health

Since ancient times at the beginning of human life, to make ends meet working to defend human life. At work they have an accident in the form of injuries or wounds. With a reasonable mind they are trying to prevent accidents preventively.As long as the work is done individually or in a group then prevention is not too difficult, so soon changed when the nature of the industrial revolution happened, that when mankind can harness the laws of nature and learn to become science and practical applications.The application of science began in the 18th century with the advent of the weaving industry, invention for industrial boilers. Steam power is very beneficial to the industry, but its use is also a risk to detonation because of the pressure.Furthermore, following the revolution, electricity, atomic energy revolution and new discoveries in the field of engineering and technology is very beneficial for mankind. Besides the use of techniques and technologies can be detrimental in the risk of an accident if there are not thinking about work safety and health efforts.As an overview of the historical development of occupational health and safety can be presented as follows:• Approximately 1700 years BC Hamurabi king of the kingdom of Babylon in the book of laws states that:"If an expert makes home building and preparation for someone not implemented properly so that the house collapsed and fell to the homeowner dies, then the builder is killed".• In the Mosaic age, approximately 5 centuries after Hamurabi, stated that the builder is responsible for the safety of the implementers and employees, by setting the installation of safety barriers on each side of the outside of the roof.• Approximately 80 years after AD, Pliny the Romans Encyclopedia expert requires that mine workers were required to wear the nose cap (mask).• In 1450 Dominico Fontana was given the task of building the obelisk in the middle of the field St. Pieter Rome. He always require that workers wear steel helmets (Safety Helmet)Historical events illustrates that human health and safety issues to the attention of the experts working at the time.Since the industrial revolution in England where many accidents and many carry the victims, the entrepreneur at the time it was argued that it was part of the occupational hazards that must be borne by the workers themselves. At first, no steps are taken to reduce accidents and the suffering of the victims, because the entrepreneurs themselves, it can be easily addressed with the hiring of new personnel. Finally, many people believe that letting casualties especially without compensation to victims deemed inhumane. The workers urged employers to take positive steps to tackle the problem.First cultivated is providing care to the victims where the motive by humanity.In 1991 the United States enacted the Law Work's Compensation Law which stated that regardless of whether the accident occurred due to fault of the victim or not, the question will be compensated, if it occurs on the job. This Act marked the beginning of accident prevention efforts are more focused.In the UK at first almost the same rules and regulations have also been enacted, but it must be proven that the accident occurred is not the fault of the victim. If it is proven that the accident was due to the fault or negligence of the victim then no compensation will be given. Since the workers are in a weak position, the absence of proof of any of the workers concerned are always detrimental to the victim. Finally, the amended legislation regardless of whether the victim is wrong or not.Applicability of laws and regulations is regarded as the beginning of the safety movement, which brings fresh air in an effort to prevent accidents from happening in the industry.H.W. Heinrich in his famous book "Industrial Accident Prevention" (1931), considered as a starting point, a historic moment for all of organized safety movement directionally. In essence, the principles set out in 1931 Heinrich is a basic element for the safety program current.